open import Cat.Displayed.Cartesian
open import Cat.Instances.Functor
open import Cat.Displayed.Base
open import Cat.Prelude

import Cat.Displayed.Reasoning as Dr
import Cat.Displayed.Solver as Ds

module
  Cat.Displayed.Instances.Pullback
    {o ℓ o' ℓ' o'' ℓ''}
    {X : Precategory o ℓ} {B : Precategory o' ℓ'}
    (F : Functor X B)
    (E : Displayed B o'' ℓ'')
  where

Pullback of a displayed category🔗

If we have a category $E$ displayed over $B\text{,}$ then a functor $F:X\to B$ defines a (contravariant) “change-of-base” action, resulting in a category $F^{\ast }(E)$ displayed over $X\text{.}$

private
  module X = Precategory X
  module B = Precategory B
  module E = Displayed E

open Functor F
open Displayed
open Dr E

The reason for this contravariance is the following: A category displayed over $X$ must have a $X\text{-indexed}$ space of objects; But our category $E$ has a $B\text{-indexed}$ space of objects. Fortunately, $F$ gives us a map $x\mapsto F_0(x)$ which allows us to convert our $X\text{-indices}$ to $B\text{-indices.}$ The same goes for indexing the displayed $\mathbf{Hom}\text{-sets.}$

Change-of-base : Displayed X o'' ℓ''
Change-of-base .Ob[_] x      = E.Ob[ F₀ x ]
Change-of-base .Hom[_] f x y = E.Hom[ F₁ f ] x y
Change-of-base .Hom[_]-set f = E.Hom[ F₁ f ]-set
Change-of-base .id'          = hom[ sym F-id ] E.id'
Change-of-base ._∘'_ f' g'   = hom[ sym (F-∘ _ _) ] (f' E.∘' g')

Proving that the pullback $F^{\ast }(E)$ is indeed a displayed category is a bit trickier than it might seem — we must adjust the identity and composites in $E$ by the paths witnessing functoriality of $F\text{,}$ and this really throws a spanner in the works — but the handy displayed category reasoning combinators are here to help.

Change-of-base .idr' {f = f} f' = to-pathp $
  hom[] (hom[ F-∘ _ _ ]⁻ (f' E.∘' hom[ F-id ]⁻ _)) ≡⟨ hom[]⟩⟨ smashr _ _ ⟩≡
  hom[] (hom[] (f' E.∘' E.id'))                    ≡⟨ Ds.disp! E ⟩≡
  f'                                               ∎

Change-of-base .idl' f' = to-pathp $
  hom[] (hom[ F-∘ _ _ ]⁻ (hom[ F-id ]⁻ _ E.∘' f')) ≡⟨ hom[]⟩⟨ smashl _ _ ⟩≡
  hom[] (hom[] (E.id' E.∘' f'))                    ≡⟨ Ds.disp! E ⟩≡
  f'                                               ∎

Change-of-base .assoc' f' g' h' = to-pathp $
  hom[ ap F₁ _ ] (hom[ F-∘ _ _ ]⁻ (f' E.∘' hom[ F-∘ _ _ ]⁻ (g' E.∘' h')))   ≡⟨ hom[]⟩⟨ smashr _ _ ⟩≡
  hom[] (hom[] (f' E.∘' g' E.∘' h'))                                        ≡⟨ Ds.disp! E ⟩≡
  hom[ sym (F-∘ _ _) ] (hom[ sym (F-∘ _ _) ] (f' E.∘' g') E.∘' h')          ∎

As a fibration🔗

If $\mathcal{E}$ is a cartesian fibration, then the base change of $\mathcal{E}$ along $F$ is also cartesian. To prove this, observe that the object and hom spaces of Change-of-base contain the same data as $\mathcal{E}\text{,}$ just restricted to objects and morphisms in the image of $F\text{.}$ This means that we still have cartesian lifts of all morphisms in $\mathcal{X}\text{:}$ we just have to perform the lifting of $Ff\text{.}$

Change-of-base-fibration : Cartesian-fibration E → Cartesian-fibration Change-of-base
Change-of-base-fibration fib f FY' = f-cart-lift
  where
    open Cartesian-fibration E fib

    f-cart-lift : Cartesian-lift Change-of-base f FY'
    f-cart-lift .Cartesian-lift.x' = F₁ f ^* FY'
    f-cart-lift .Cartesian-lift.lifting = π* (F₁ f) FY'
    f-cart-lift .Cartesian-lift.cartesian .is-cartesian.universal m h' =
      π*.universal (F₁ m) (hom[ F-∘ f m ] h')
    f-cart-lift .Cartesian-lift.cartesian .is-cartesian.commutes m h' =
      hom[ F-∘ f m ]⁻ (π* (F₁ f) FY' E.∘' π*.universal (F₁ m) (hom[ F-∘ f m ] h')) ≡⟨ ap hom[ F-∘ f m ]⁻ (π*.commutes _ _) ⟩≡
      hom[ F-∘ f m ]⁻ (hom[ F-∘ f m ] h')                                          ≡⟨ Ds.disp! E ⟩≡
      h'                                                                           ∎
    f-cart-lift .Cartesian-lift.cartesian .is-cartesian.unique {m = m} {h' = h'} m' p =
      π*.unique m' $
        π* (F₁ f) FY' E.∘' m'                                    ≡⟨ Ds.disp! E ⟩≡
        hom[ F-∘ f m ] (hom[ F-∘ f m ]⁻ (π* (F₁ f) FY' E.∘' m')) ≡⟨ ap hom[ F-∘ f m ] p ⟩≡
        hom[ F-∘ f m ] h'                                        ∎