open import Algebra.Group.Ab
open import Algebra.Group

open import Cat.Displayed.Univalence.Thin
open import Cat.Instances.Product
open import Cat.Displayed.Total
open import Cat.Prelude

module Algebra.Group.Ab.Hom where

Maps between abelian groups🔗

open is-group-hom
open Total-hom

As groups are an algebraic theory, if $G$ is a group, we can equip the set of functions $X\to G$ with the pointwise group structure. When considering a pair of groups $G,H\text{,}$ however, we’re less interested in the functions $G\to H\text{,}$ and more interested in the homomorphisms $G\to H\text{.}$ Can these be equipped with a group structure?

It turns out that the answer is no: if you try to make $\mathbf{Hom}$ into a functor on $\mathbf{Grp}$, equipping $A\to B$ the pointwise group structure, you find out that the sum of group homomorphisms can not be shown to be a homomorphism. But when considering abelian groups, i.e. the category $\mathbf{Ab}$, this does work:

Abelian-group-on-hom
  : ∀ {ℓ} (A B : Abelian-group ℓ)
  → Abelian-group-on (Ab.Hom A B)
Abelian-group-on-hom A B = to-abelian-group-on make-ab-on-hom module Hom-ab where
  open make-abelian-group
  private
    module B = Abelian-group-on (B .snd)
    module A = Abelian-group-on (A .snd)

  make-ab-on-hom : make-abelian-group (Ab.Hom A B)
  make-ab-on-hom .ab-is-set = Ab.Hom-set _ _

  make-ab-on-hom .mul f g .hom x = f · x B.* g · x
  make-ab-on-hom .mul f g .preserves .pres-⋆ x y =
    f · (x A.* y) B.* g · (x A.* y)          ≡⟨ ap₂ B._*_ (f .preserves .pres-⋆ x y) (g .preserves .pres-⋆ x y) ⟩≡
    (f · x B.* f · y) B.* (g · x B.* g · y)  ≡⟨ B.pullr (B.pulll refl)  ⟩≡
    f · x B.* (f · y B.* g · x) B.* g · y    ≡⟨ (λ i → f · x B.* B.commutes {x = f · y} {y = g · x} i B.* (g · y)) ⟩≡
    f · x B.* (g · x B.* f · y) B.* g · y    ≡⟨ B.pushr (B.pushl refl) ⟩≡
    (f · x B.* g · x) B.* (f · y B.* g · y)  ∎

  make-ab-on-hom .inv f .hom x = B._⁻¹ (f · x)
  make-ab-on-hom .inv f .preserves .pres-⋆ x y =
    f · (x A.* y) B.⁻¹            ≡⟨ ap B._⁻¹ (f .preserves .pres-⋆ x y) ⟩≡
    (f · x B.* f · y) B.⁻¹        ≡⟨ B.inv-comm ⟩≡
    (f · y B.⁻¹) B.* (f · x B.⁻¹) ≡⟨ B.commutes ⟩≡
    (f · x B.⁻¹) B.* (f · y B.⁻¹) ∎

  make-ab-on-hom .1g .hom x = B.1g
  make-ab-on-hom .1g .preserves .pres-⋆ x y = B.introl refl

  make-ab-on-hom .idl x       = ext λ x → B.idl
  make-ab-on-hom .assoc x y z = ext λ _ → B.associative
  make-ab-on-hom .invl x      = ext λ x → B.inversel
  make-ab-on-hom .comm x y    = ext λ x → B.commutes

open Functor

Ab[_,_] : ∀ {ℓ} → Abelian-group ℓ → Ab.Ob → Ab.Ob
∣ Ab[ A , B ] .fst ∣ = _
Ab[ A , B ] .fst .is-tr = Ab.Hom-set A B
Ab[ A , B ] .snd = Abelian-group-on-hom A B

It’s only a little more work to show that this extends to a functor ${\mathbf{Ab}}^{\mathrm{op}}\times \mathbf{Ab}\to \mathbf{Ab}\text{.}$

Ab-hom-functor : ∀ {ℓ} → Functor (Ab ℓ ^op ×ᶜ Ab ℓ) (Ab ℓ)
Ab-hom-functor .F₀ (A , B) = Ab[ A , B ]
Ab-hom-functor .F₁ (f , g) .hom h = g Ab.∘ h Ab.∘ f
Ab-hom-functor .F₁ (f , g) .preserves .pres-⋆ x y = ext λ z →
  g .preserves .pres-⋆ _ _
Ab-hom-functor .F-id    = trivial!
Ab-hom-functor .F-∘ f g = trivial!