open import 1Lab.HLevel.Retracts
open import 1Lab.Path.Groupoid
open import 1Lab.Univalence
open import 1Lab.HLevel
open import 1Lab.Equiv
open import 1Lab.Path
open import 1Lab.Type

open import Homotopy.Space.Circle

module 1Lab.Counterexamples.IsIso where


# is-iso is not a proposition🔗

We show that if is-iso were a proposition, then (x : A) → x ≡ x would be contractible for any choice of A. Taking A to be , we show that this can not be the case. Suppose that is-iso is a proposition.

module
_ (iso-is-prop : ∀ {ℓ} {A B : Type ℓ} {f : A → B} → is-prop (is-iso f))
where


First we characterise the type is-iso f by showing that, if it is inhabited, then it is equivalent to the centre of A, i.e. the loop-assigning maps of A:

  lemma : ∀ {ℓ} {A B : Type ℓ} {f : A → B} → is-iso f → is-iso f ≃ ((x : A) → x ≡ x)
lemma {A = A} {B} {f} iiso =
EquivJ (λ _ f → is-iso (f .fst) ≃ ((x : A) → x ≡ x))
(Iso→Equiv helper)
(f , is-iso→is-equiv iiso)
where


By equivalence induction, it suffices to cover the case where f is the identity function. In that case, we can construct an isomorphism quite readily, where the proof uses our assumption iso-is-prop for convenience.

      helper : Iso _ _
helper .fst iiso x =
sym (iiso .is-iso.linv x) ∙ iiso .is-iso.rinv x
helper .snd .is-iso.inv x = iso (λ x → x) x (λ _ → refl)
helper .snd .is-iso.rinv p = funext λ x → ∙-id-l _
helper .snd .is-iso.linv x = iso-is-prop _ _


We thus have that is-iso id ≃ ((x : A) → x ≡ x) - since the former is a prop (by assumption), then so is the latter:

  is-prop-loops : ∀ {ℓ} {A : Type ℓ} → is-prop ((x : A) → x ≡ x)
is-prop-loops {A = A} = equiv→is-hlevel 1 (helper .fst) (helper .snd) iso-is-prop
where helper = lemma {f = λ (x : A) → x}
(iso (λ x → x) (λ x → refl) (λ x → refl))


Thus, it suffices to choose a type for which (x : A) → x ≡ x has two distinct elements. We go with the circle, :

  ¬is-prop-loops : is-prop ((x : S¹) → x ≡ x) → ⊥
¬is-prop-loops prop = refl≠loop \$
happly (prop (λ x → refl)
λ { base → loop
; (loop i) j → hcomp (∂ i ∨ ∂ j) λ where
k (k = i0) → loop (i ∨ j)
k (i = i0) → loop j
k (i = i1) → loop (k ∧ j)
k (j = i0) → loop i
k (j = i1) → loop (k ∧ i)
})
base


  contra : ⊥